WORLD FROM SPACE - Cyclone Haruna

Haruna formed as a tropical storm over the southern Indian Ocean on February 19, 2013, and strengthened into a cyclone the next day. 

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Tropical Cyclone Felleng Winds Up In The Indian Ocean

Felleng formed as a tropical storm over the southern Indian Ocean on January 26, 2013, and strengthened into a cyclone yesterday (January 29). The U.S. Navy’s Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) reported last night that Felleng was located roughly 420 nautical miles (780 kilometers) north of Réunion Island. 

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NASA satellites see Cyclone Narelle torn apart

This series of infrared images of Cyclone Narelle was taken over 6 days by the AIRS instrument that flies aboard NASA's Aqua satellite. It shows the growth into a cyclone and weakening back to a tropical storm. The purple areas are the coldest cloud top temperatures, and strongest storms with heaviest rainfall occurring in the cyclone. Top row L to R: Jan. 10 at 0623 UTC; Jan. 11 at 1759 UTC; Jan. 12 at 0605 UTC. Bottom row, L to R: Jan. 13 at 0647 UTC; Jan. 14 at 0553 UTC; and Jan. 15 at 0635 UTC. Credit: NASA JPL, Ed Olsen

NASA's TRMM and Aqua satellites showed how Tropical Cyclone Narelle has fallen far from being a powerful cyclone in the Southern Indian Ocean. A time series of infrared images from an Aqua satellite instrument provides a clear picture of Narelle's former power and its recent demise, while TRMM 3-D data showed falling cloud heights and weaker rainfall.

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Ireland, UK And Planet Earth From Space At Midday, 04-09-12

Ireland and Britain, as seen from space by the MODIS satellite at midday on Tuesday, 04 September 2012.

Planet Earth, as seen in this RGB composite image from Dundee Satellite, at midday on Tuesday, 04 September 2012.

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WORLD FROM SPACE Aftermath Of Tropical Cyclone Giovanna

Last weekend, Tropical Cyclone Giovanna made landfall in eastern Madagascar, packing winds of 125 knots (230 kilometers per hour) and heavy rains in excess of 250 millimeters (10 inches) along the coast.  

On Monday (February 20), Integrated Regional Information Networks reported that Giovanna had damaged or destroyed thousands of homes in Madagascar and killed at least 23 people.

The Advanced Land Imager (ALI) on NASA’s Earth Observing-1 (EO-1) satellite captured this natural-color image of the sediment-choked Onibe River on February 19, 2012. The river appears muddy brown throughout this landscape, and delivers a thick plume of sediment to the Indian Ocean.

The Onibe River arises in the highlands of Madagascar’s interior and empties into the ocean just north of the coastal town of Mahavelona (also known as Foulpointe). The river lies along the track Giovanna followed when it came ashore. Giovanna’s heavy rains spurred equally heavy runoff into the Onibe River.

In eastern Madagascar, rivers are typically short and fast-moving, thanks to the area’s stark relief. Madagascar’s highest mountain, for example, is 2,876 meters (9,436 feet) above sea level yet lies just 120 kilometers (75 miles) from the coast. The steep slopes lead to significant erosion, but even compared to the island’s usual runoff rates, the Onibe carried a heavy load of mud and debris in the wake of Giovanna. An ALI image of the same area on February 6 showed virtually no sediment plume at the mouth of the river.

Cyclones rank among the most frequent natural hazards for Madagascar. After coming ashore in mid-February, Tropical Cyclone Giovanna blew westward over the island, traveled southward through the Mozambique Channel, then curved back to the east, skirting Madagascar’s southern shore.

NASA Earth Observatory image created by Jesse Allen and Robert Simmon, using EO-1 ALI data provided courtesy of the NASA EO-1 team. Caption by Michon Scott. Instrument: EO-1 - ALI

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Tropical Storm Hilwa Winds Up In Indian Ocean

Tropical Storm 13S has been renamed Hilwa as it continues to track through the open waters of the South Indian Ocean. 

NASA's Aqua satellite passed over Hilwa on February 21 at 1007 UTC (5:07 a.m. EST) and captured a visible image of the storm that showed its rounded formation. The strongest, highest, thunderstorms (that cast shadows on lower clouds) appeared to be on the eastern side of the storm.

On February 21, 2012, Tropical cyclone Hilwa was located approximately 480 nautical miles east of La Reunion, near position near 20.0 South and 63.8 East, moving southwest at 6 knots (7 mph/11 kph). Maximum sustained winds are near 40 knots (46 mph/74 kph).

The Joint Typhoon Warning Center forecasters expect that Hilwa will briefly strengthen and then weaken as it heads south.

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MADAGASCAR: Cyclone Giovanna Struck With Little Warning

The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASA’s Terra satellite captured this natural-color image on February 14, 2012. Having made landfall, the storm appears less organised than it did the previous day, but storm clouds almost completely hide the island of Madagascar.

In a cyclone-prone country like Madagascar, which feels the force of about 60 percent of the storms that form over the Indian Ocean every year, being prepared for disaster makes all the difference.  

The Malagasy National Disaster Office organizes annual simulation exercises in vulnerable areas to test the preparedness of local authorities and communities. However, in Brickaville, on the east coast of Madagascar, power lines had been down for two weeks - a regular occurrence in the island's outlying provinces - and news that the town lay directly in the path of Cyclone Giovanna, a category-four tropical storm, could not reach the people in time.

The cyclone destroyed and damaged thousands of homes and killed at least 23 people, but this number is expected to rise as more remote locations are reached.

Cyclone Giovanna destroyed 70 percent of homes in Brickaville, Madagascar
© Annelie Rozeboom/IRIN

"By the time the ‘chef de Fokotany’ [administrator of the district] came to warn us about the cyclone, it was already here. All we could do was run to the church for cover," Jean Noel, 48, a mother of six who lives in Brickaville, told IRIN. Nearly a week after Giovanna struck on 14 February, she and her neighbours are trying to rebuild their houses, which were among the 70 percent damaged by the storm.

The water pump was damaged and people have resorted to drinking water from an untreated well. Food is also in short supply. "We need rice, oil and soap," one resident said. "On the other side of town, aid workers have given out supplies, but we didn't get any yet."

Emma Zafiarisoa, of the local NGO, St Gabriel, told IRIN: "The [aid] supplies come in waves. We managed to get drinking water to the first 2,000 flood victims, but it's not enough. We have materials for 5,000 people, but after our evaluation there might be as many as 50,000 victims who need supplies."

The NGO installs water purification plants, and households can also subscribe to clean drinking water for 500 Ariary (US$0.20) per 20 litre. "Through our subscription system we already know the households, and so it was easy for us to identify who needs water the most. When the cyclone hit we worked with the chef de Fokotany to make sure those households with the biggest need will be helped first. We will stay here for a month. After this, the people will have to find their own way. "

Colin Radford, of the NGO, Help, arrived in Brickaville the day after the cyclone struck and was in front of the town hall distributing rice, oil, beans and high-nutrient biscuits, donated by the UN World Food Programme (WFP). "We thought we needed food rations for 4,000 people, but by now we have discovered that it is much closer to 6,000, so we have new rations coming in," he told IRIN.

Rations

"Today we're handing out rations to the people who live on the outskirts [of Brickaville]. Yesterday it was to the townspeople," he said. "We had to close down the whole operation two times this morning, as people became angry easily. Some were trying to get more than one ration, while some local officials here tried to get all their friends and relatives on the list. But we have zero tolerance for corruption, so with help from the people we soon figured out who needed food the most."

On the other side of the square, Jean, 65, who only gave his first name, stands with an empty basket and ID card, waiting for assistance. He told IRIN that Giovanna was much worse than Geralda, the 1994 cyclone, which all but destroyed the town. "My house is completely broken and I'll need to raise about 100,000 Ariary (US$50) to rebuild it," he said.

In Vatomandry, another severely affected town, Bernadine Ravaonasolo, 67, told IRIN: "My husband is a fisherman, but our pirogue [dugout canoe] and supplies all washed away. He's now rebuilding the house, and after that we'll try to get by doing odd jobs."

In neighbouring Manambato, villagers did not believe reports about an impending cyclone, even after the village leader received a cellphone text message. "The day of the cyclone it was very hot and sunny, so we didn't think there would be a storm," said Florette Rabearivelo, 25. When the wind started blowing she and her neighbours sheltered in the main building of the hotel where she works. "When we came out in the morning, everything was destroyed."

"It's important that local communities are prepared in case of a cyclone," Dominic Stolarow, an emergency officer with the UN Children’s Fund (UNICEF), told IRIN. "Once a cyclone alert is launched, people need to ensure that they have a supply of food and water at home so that when the cyclone hits, they can stay indoors."

UNICEF runs a programme at schools on how to prepare for disasters. Information is also broadcast on radio and television. Dean Deely, a UNICEF consultant, was in the field to evaluate the disaster preparedness programme when Giovanna hit. "We saw how the [trained] school teachers told children how to prepare for the cyclone. They had some very simple, but important messages like, 'Weigh down the roofs with sandbags, reinforce the walls, put important belongings in plastic bags, and store water'. When people don't have this knowledge they will sit and wait for the disaster to come, and afterwards they'll wait for help to arrive," he told IRIN.

Cyclone preparations

Deely said there was much less damage in places where schoolteachers had been trained in disaster preparedness. "We went through one village where they had weighted down the roofs and reinforced the walls, but apart from this you saw that there was an empowerment, an increased awareness. People were able to mitigate the damage."

In Brickaville the storm would have come as a complete surprise if aid workers from neighbouring towns had not travelled there to warn people. "I showed local officials the [satellite] pictures of Giovanna," said Herizo Andrianaivosoa, a regional technical assistant with UNICEF. "We had just a few hours left, so from three o'clock in the afternoon until the storm hit at 8 p.m. we went around warning people, cutting trees, and setting up shelters. We contacted all the district heads in the surroundings towns and told them to get their post-storm reports to us as soon as possible. Then we turned off the electricity and waited," he told IRIN.

Andrianaivosoa also enlisted the help of 15 people from the National Disaster Office.

Giovanna raged all night. "I've been through three cyclones so far, and this is the worst one yet. It went on the whole night. When we came out in the morning, everything was flooded, our shelters were filled with people, and there was no communication," Andrianaivosoa said.

The UNICEF team is now headquartered in Vatomandry, another coastal town hard hit by the storm, trying to collect data from the surrounding communities. "There are 19 communes surrounding this town, and right now we have news from four of them. Some are as far as 85km away, and there is no road, you have to go parts of the way by pirogue," said UNICEF logistics assistant Naina Rasoanaivo.

Ranirisoa Andriamandrindra, a local education official, said there was a total of 774 classrooms in the area and so far he had counted 275 that had been destroyed, and 107 that had been damaged. He told IRIN: "We don't have a budget for reconstruction at all."

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